Nuevos modelos docentes: del homo “tecnofóbico” al homo tecnológico. ¿Una selección natural o una evolución imposible?

[SPA] El Espacio Europeo de Enseñanza Superior implica un cambio en la metodología docente. Sin este cambio las universidades solo habrán conseguido implantar nuevos nombres a sus planes de estudio pero no un modelo de enseñanza. Las reticencias tecnológicas que existen aún en la sociedad se dan también en las universidades y, sobre todo, en los docentes. Los autores analizan esta realidad sociológica y se plantean si, en realidad, los nuevos cambios que se exigen son posibles, existiendo todavía cierta fobia tecnológica, o quedarán en un planteamiento utópico más. La forma de medir el rendimiento académico (ECTS, European Credit Transfer System) exige necesariamente una evolución conjunta y coordinada entre el docente y el alumnado. [ENG] The European Higher Education System involves a change in the educational methodology. Without this change universities only would have managed to introduce new names to their study plans but not an educational model. Technological reluctances existing in the society are also given in universities, especially, in the teaching staff. Authors analyse this sociological reality and consider whether the new demanded changes are possible in fact as it still exists certain technological phobia, or they will turn into one more utopian proposal. The way academic efficiency is measured, ECTS (European Credit Transfer System), demands necessarily a coordinated evolution of the teacher together with the student body

El proceso ante la Corte Penal Internacional

The birth of the International Criminal Court meant, from a legal point of view, a possibility of advance forward in the fight against the international core crimes in accordance not to state and institutional responsibility, but to the own responsibility of the direct and real author of the crime, i. e . the natural person. The possiblity and not the reality of advance is clearly shown in some key points of the Rome Statue, where the political dimension of the conflict and its impact in the system can safeguard a real break in the expected design of the Court and its effectiveness.Core crimes that can be subject to judgement in the Court, making a slight comparative study with crimes against International Community of Title XXIV of the Spanish criminal code will be dealt, as well as the most outstanding events of legal procedure followed in the Court in accordance to the rules of procedure and evidence.El nacimiento de la Corte Penal Internacional ha supuesto, desde un punto de vista jurídico, una posibilidad de avanzar en la lucha contra los crímenes internacionales más graves atendiendo no a la responsabilidad estatal e institucional sino a la propia responsabilidad del autor directo y real del delito, es decir, la persona física. Que la nueva institución es más una posibilidad de avanzar que un avance efectivo y real se muestra en algunos puntos clave del Estatuto de Roma en donde la dimensión política del conflicto, y su resonancia en el sistema, puede amparar una auténtica ruptura del diseño esperado para la Corte y su eficacia.Se tratarán tanto los delitos más graves que podrán ser objeto de enjuiciamiento en la Corte, haciendo un somero estudio comparativo con los delitos contra la Comunidad Internacional del Titulo XXIV del Código Penal español, como aquellos hitos más relevantes del procedimiento judicial a seguir en La Corte según las reglas de procedimiento y prueba

A robust bayesian approach to an optimal replacement policy for gas pipelines

En el trabajo se abordan los problemas de sensibilidad bayesiana al integrar los juicios de expertos con datos históricos disponibles en un estudio de casos sobre estrategias para el mantenimiento preventivo de tuberías de fundición de baja presión en una red urbana de distribución de gas. Estamos interesados en modificar las prioridades, según lo determinado por las tasas de fallo de las tuberías, sometidas a condiciones diferentes. Se tienen en cuenta otras propuestas, hechas en trabajos anteriores, acerca de las distribuciones previas sobre las tasas de fracaso y los cambios de estudio al modificar las prioridades bajo diferentes opciones generales de tipos episódicos de restricción. Nos centramos en un conjunto de acciones inconcretas y, entre ellas, proponemos la acción menos sensible como la opción óptima para clasificar los diferentes tipos de oleoductos, proporcionando un enfoque sólido al problema de sensibilidad. Además, también estamos interesados en determinar qué tipos tienen una tasa de fallos que supera un valor aceptable normaliado, considerado como el umbral que determina la necesidad de reemplazo. Se presentan herramientas gráficas para ayudar a los encargados de la toma de decisiones para determinar si las tuberías deben ser reemplazadas y qué prioridades deben seguirse.In the paper, we address Bayesian sensitivity issues when integrating experts’ judgments with available historical data in a case study about strategies for the preventive maintenance of low-pressure cast iron pipelines in an urban gas distribution network. We are interested in replacement priorities, as determined by the failure rates of pipelines deployed under different conditions. We relax the assumptions, made in previous papers, about the prior distributions on the failure rates and study changes in replacement priorities under different choices of generalized moment-constrained classes of priors. We focus on the set of non-dominated actions, and among them, we propose the least sensitive action as the optimal choice to rank different classes of pipelines, providing a sound approach to the sensitivity problem. Moreover, we are also interested in determining which classes have a failure rate exceeding a given acceptable value, considered as the threshold determining no need for replacement. Graphical tools are introduced to help decision makers to determine if pipelines are to be replaced and the corresponding priorities.• Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad: Proyecto MTM2011-28983-C03-02 y MTM201456949-C3-3-R • Gobierno de Extremadura: Proyecto GR15106 • Unión Europea. Fondos Europeos de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER)peerReviewe

Solving initial value problems for ordinary differential equations by two approaches: BDF and Piecewise-linearized methods

Many scientific and engineering problems are described using Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs), where the analytic solution is unknown. Much research has been done by the scientific community on developing numerical methods which can provide an approximate solution of the original ODE. In this work, two approaches have been considered based on BDF and Piecewise-linearized Methods. The approach based on BDF methods uses a Chord–Shamanskii iteration for computing the nonlinear system which is obtained when the BDF schema is used. Two approaches based on piecewise-linearized methods have also been considered. These approaches are based on a theorem proved in this paper which allows to compute the approximate solution at each time step by means of a block-oriented method based on diagonal Padé approximations. The difference between these implementations is in using or not using the scale and squaring technique. Five algorithms based on these approaches have been developed. MATLAB and Fortran versions of the above algorithms have been developed, comparing both precision and computational costs. BLAS and LAPACK libraries have been used in Fortran implementations. In order to compare in equality of conditions all implementations, algorithms with fixed step have been considered. Four of the five case studies analyzed come from biology and chemical kinetics stiff problems. Experimental results show the advantages of the proposed algorithms, especially when they are integrating stiff problems.Ibáñez González, JJ.; Hernández García, V.; Arias, E.; Ruíz Martínez, PA. (2009). Solving initial value problems for ordinary differential equations by two approaches: BDF and Piecewise-linearized methods. Computer Physics Communications. 180(5):712-723. doi:10.1016/j.cpc.2008.11.013S712723180

A Robust Bayesian Approach to an Optimal Replacement Policy for Gas Pipelines

In the paper, we address Bayesian sensitivity issues when integrating experts’ judgments with available historical data in a case study about strategies for the preventive maintenance of low-pressure cast iron pipelines in an urban gas distribution network. We are interested in replacement priorities, as determined by the failure rates of pipelines deployed under different conditions. We relax the assumptions, made in previous papers, about the prior distributions on the failure rates and study changes in replacement priorities under different choices of generalized moment-constrained classes of priors. We focus on the set of non-dominated actions, and among them, we propose the least sensitive action as the optimal choice to rank different classes of pipelines, providing a sound approach to the sensitivity problem. Moreover, we are also interested in determining which classes have a failure rate exceeding a given acceptable value, considered as the threshold determining no need for replacement. Graphical tools are introduced to help decisionmakers to determine if pipelines are to be replaced and the corresponding priorities. Document type: Articl

In vitro selenium bioaccessibility combined with in vivo bioavailability and bioactivity in Se-enriched microalga (Chlorella sorokiniana) to be used as functional food

Speciation of seleno-metabolites and selenoproteins in Se-enriched Chlorella sorokiniana microalgae, in vitro and in vivo extracts has been performed by HPLC-ICP-MS. Selenium bioaccesibility in Se-enriched Chlorela sorokiniana evaluated by in vitro gastrointestinal digestion of the selenized microalga was 81% (79% as SeMet). Mice supplemeted with Se-enriched C. sorokiniana presented increased Se concentration in kidney, reflecting a potencial mechanism of excretion by urine. In addition, selenium bioavailavility, which was in the range of 3–15% depending on the diet was 1.13-fold higher in mice fed with Se-enriched microalgae against the basal diet, but decreased with higher amounts of selenium. Regarding bioactivity (∑Se as selenoproteins in serum/total Se in serum = 76–85% depending on the diet), selenium and selenoproteins (SeP) increased in serum from animals fed high supplemental Se levels. These results showed that Se-enriched algae can be considered as an alternative selenized food for humans, due to their high Se bioavailability.This work has been supported by the projects CTM2015-67902-C2-1-P and PG2018-096608-B-C21 from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness and P12-FQM-0442 and P09-FQM-04659 from the Regional Ministry of Economy, Innovation, Science and Employment (Andalusian Government, Spain). Finally, authors are grateful to FEDER (European Community) for financial support, grants number UNHU13-1E-1611 and UNHU15-CE-3140